Guide to the Study of Polymers


A polymer is composed of many repeating units called monomers. Starch, cellulose, and proteins are natural polymers. Nylon and polyethylene are synthetic polymers.

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Polymerization is the process of joining monomers. Polymers may be formed by condensation or by addition polymerization.

  1. Condensation polymerization?

      a. What is it a result of? What is the usual by-product?

      b. Sketch out an example of how two monomers can join to form a dimer.

      c. How can this lead to the formation of long-chain polymers? What is the prerequisite for this to occur?

      d. What are five kinds of important, everyday condensation polymers?

  2. Addition polymerization?
      a. What is meant by the label "addition polymerization"?

      b. Show how addition polymerization can occur.

      c. What are the three basic steps in addition polymerization? What has to happen during each step for polymerization to occur?

      d. What are three important, common polymers formed by addition polymerization?

  3. Polymers can be described as being thermosetting or thermoplastic
      a. Why are the thermosetting polymers so different from thermoplastic polymers?

      b. What decides if a polymer will be thermosetting or thermoplastic?

      c. What are three important, common thermosetting polymers?

      d. What are three important, common thermoplastic polymers?

  4. During polymerization, the "-mers" can form long straight chains, long side chains that give a branched configuration, or long chains chemically linked together and are said to be "cross-linked".
      a. Describe each of these three types of molecular arrangements separately comparing their physical and chemical properties.

      b. What are three important long straight-chained polymers?

      c. What are three important long branched polymers?

      d. What are three important long cross-linked polymers?

  5. Polymers can be described as being amorphous or crystalline polymers
      a. Compare the physical and chemical properties of amorphous and crystalline polymers.

      b. What are three important amorphous polymers?

      c. What are three important crystalline polymers?

      d. How does light penetration qualities depend on the degree of crystallization?

  6. General attributes:
      a. Polymers can be very resistant to chemicals. What makes them this way?

      b. Some polymers have excellent thermal insulating properties. Why or how do they do this? What are three examples of such polymers?

      c. Many polymers are excellent electrical insulators. Why? What are three examples of such polymers?

      d. Research is being done on producing polymers that will conduct an electrical current? Why would this be desired? What kind of polymer has been produced so far that will conduct a current?

  7. Polystyrene
      a. How is polystyrene turned into Styrofoam?

      b. What are some other polymers that are also "foamed"?

      c. Why "foam" a polymer?

      d. What are three important uses of these foamed polymers?

  8. Once a polymer has been produced it has to be processed into some useful form, such as a bottle.

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